美國(guó)留學(xué)麻省理工學(xué)院MIT同斯坦福大學(xué)在EE的專業(yè)排名上同時(shí)排在第一位,申請(qǐng)基本要求非常的簡(jiǎn)單，連GRE都不要求，可想而知學(xué)校想要什么。值得注意的是截止日期為12月15日，需要提早準(zhǔn)備。
接下來我們將主要的經(jīng)歷放在麻省理工學(xué)院MIT的專業(yè)細(xì)分上，從專業(yè)細(xì)分的介紹里我們可以揣測(cè)一下申請(qǐng)者需要什么樣的背景、本科背景，才會(huì)更加符合每一個(gè)細(xì)分專業(yè)的要求。
The department is divided into five primary research areas, most of which have a long history and well-established culture. At the same time, the boundaries between these areas are porous, encouraging collaboration among faculty, students, and staff across the department. The five research areas are:
Systems, communication, control and signal processing 系統(tǒng)、通訊、控制和信號(hào)處理
Computer science計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)
Electronics, computers and systems電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和系統(tǒng)
Engineering physics工程物理
Bioelectrical engineering生物電氣工程
1.系統(tǒng)、通訊、控制和信號(hào)處理
Systems, communication, control and signal processing
Solving problems in communication and coding, systems theory and control, optimization, statistical inference and decision theory, signal processing, and large-scale social, power, and communication networks.
該分支的主頁(yè)上有這樣一句話：
There is absolutely no dishonor in taking MIT undergraduate courses to bolster your undergraduate background. This is very common in the Area and highly recommended if your undergraduate institution didn’t emphasize this background enough. Relevant courses at MIT include:
· 6.003 (Signals and Systems)
· 6.431 (Applied Probability)
· 18.06 (Linear Algebra)
· 6.011 (Introduction to Communication, Control and Signal Processing)
去參加MIT的本科課程不會(huì)讓你沒面子，如果你沒有以下的本科背景，我們建議你去我們的本科學(xué)習(xí)這些科目。從這里也可以看到，信號(hào)和系統(tǒng)、應(yīng)用概率、線性代數(shù)、通訊控制和信號(hào)處理是這個(gè)專業(yè)的基本科目。有相關(guān)學(xué)分的同學(xué)會(huì)比較符合學(xué)校的要求。
該分支的核心課程是：
Certain of these graduate subjects are regarded as “core,” in the sense that they are appropriate for first-year graduate students with adequate undergraduate background, and are prerequisites for further subjects in the same area. These core subjects include:
· 6.241 (Dynamic Systems and Control)
· 6.251 (Introduction to Mathematical Programming) or
· 6.255J (Optimization Methods)
· 6.262 (Discrete Stochastic Processes)
· 6.341 (Discrete-Time Signal Processing)
· 6.436 (Fundamentals of Probability)
· 6.437 (Inference and Information)
· 6.438 (Algorithms for Inference)
· 6.450 (Principles of Digital Communications I)
Most first-year graduate students should plan to take at least two of these core subjects in their first year.
All of these subjects assume a fairly high degree of mathematical maturity and involve a relatively heavy time commitment. It is always better to take fewer subjects each term and do well in each than to take more subjects and do mediocre work in all of them.
注：全部課程包括動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)和控制、數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃、離散隨機(jī)過程、算法推理等。第一年的研究生需要選擇兩個(gè)課程，并且這里的所有核心課程都需要比較強(qiáng)的數(shù)學(xué)能力，如果你的數(shù)學(xué)夠強(qiáng)，也可以增強(qiáng)你的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。
除了核心課程的其他課程
Beyond the Core Subjects
The student may choose as many additional courses as he or she can handle in order to obtain greater depth in the various topical subareas of Area I, greater breadth in other areas, or just to satisfy intellectual curiosity or be exposed to a great teacher. However, keep in mind that:
· Again, it is best to do well in fewer courses than not so well in more courses
· There will be plenty of time at MIT to take all the courses your heart desires
The MIT Bulletin, your graduate counselor, your research supervisor, your instructors, and your graduate student peers are all excellent sources of suggestions for subjects that may be a good match to Area I students and interests. While Area I students invariably end up taking at least as many subjects outside Area I’s offerings as they do inside, in the remainder of this section we summarize some of the historically popular Area I follow-on offerings:
· 6.231 (Dynamic Programming and Stochastic Control)
· 6.242 (Advanced Linear Control Systems)
· 6.243J (Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems)
· 6.245 (Multivariable Control Systems)
· 6.252J (Nonlinear Programming)
· 6.263J (Data-Communication Networks)
· 6.291 (Seminar in Systems, Communication, and Control Research)
· 6.343 (Digital Speech Processing)
· 6.344 (Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing)
· 6.345 (Automatic Speech Recognition)
· 6.435 (System Identification)
· 6.441 (Transmission of Information)
· 6.442 (Optical Networks)
· 6.451 (Principles of Digital Communication II)
· 6.452(Principles of Wireless Communication)
· 6.454 (Graduate Seminar in Area I)
· 6.455 (Sonar, Radar and Seismic Signal Processing)
· 6.456 (Array Processing)
注：如果一個(gè)學(xué)生的研究經(jīng)歷不是那么強(qiáng)，那么我們需要什么樣的彌補(bǔ)呢?一方面是GRE的數(shù)學(xué)部分很強(qiáng)，另一方面我們可以在提早學(xué)習(xí)一些更加廣泛的課程，在文書寫作上突出自己的能力，在推薦信上表現(xiàn)出自己與該方向的匹配。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于一個(gè)本科就是EE專業(yè)的學(xué)生來講，這些課程都是體現(xiàn)在GPA里的，所以GPA的重要性也就非常明確了。如果大家都是EE的本課程，那么只有一個(gè)可以增強(qiáng)自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，研究和實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
2.計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)
Computer science
Tackling subjects including mathematical foundations of computation, cryptography, artificial intelligence, robotics, vision, machine learning, molecular biology, database systems, networks, computer architecture, and operating systems.
注：MIT的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)在Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science中，這里不過多的說明Computer Science，具體的相關(guān)信息在另一文中說明。值得注意的是，將Computer Science同Electrical Engineering 在一個(gè)部門，就可以看出兩者之間的關(guān)系了。
3.電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和系統(tǒng)
Electronics, computers and systems
Exploring topics ranging from device-level circuit design and computer-aided design to signal processing techniques involving electromagnetic or mechanical waves.
該方向的主要研究領(lǐng)域有五個(gè)：信號(hào)處理、通訊和控制，能源和電力系統(tǒng)，電路系統(tǒng)，數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)功能結(jié)構(gòu)，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和算法
Areas of Focus
There are five broad areas of focus within Area III:
A. Signal Processing, Communications, and Control
The subjects relevant to signal processing, communications and control include several which are basic to other areas as well as to Area III. Statistics, random signals, and noise are discussed in 6.432, and basic principles of linear system theory are developed in 6.241 and 6.242. Digital signal processing is presented in 6.341 together with some basic linear system theory. 6.343, 6.344 and 6.345 are more advanced subjects in signal processing. Graduate electives develop a variety of other concepts and technologies basic to the analysis and design of communications, control, and signal processing systems. Other more mathematical subjects are not listed here because they normally fall within the province of Area I.
B. Energy and Power Systems
Energy and power systems involve subjects that explore signal processing devices and techniques involving electromagnetic or mechanical waves, and therefore are often accompanied by an appropriate background course in electromagnetics. 6.334, and 6.685 cover topics in this subject area. Those interested in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) may elect 6.777.
C. Circuits and Systems
Circuits and systems center on device-level circuit and system design, which are discussed in several undergraduate and graduate subjects. Graduate students may want to take undergraduate laboratory subjects 6.101, 6.111, or 6.115 The electives 6.301 and 6.302 have long provided valuable background for analog electronic circuits. In addition, they may consider graduate subjects such as 6.331, 6.334, 6.374, 6.376, 6.775, and 6.776.
D. Digital Design and Computer Architecture
Digital design and computer architecture courses include some useful subjects offered as undergraduate electives. 6.823 is a basic course in computer architecture but requires some computer science background. 6.374 is the advanced subject in VLSI and Integrated Circuit design. The thesis and other individual programs are also very important in developing expertise in this area; these opportunities are discussed later in this guide. Some students may find it beneficial to consider other subjects in this sequence, such as 6.004 (computer architecture) if this material is unfamiliar.
E. Computer-Aided Design and Numerical Methods
Computer-aided design and numerical method are covered in graduate-level courses such as 6.336J which introduces computational simulation and optimization, 6.337J for iterative and direct linear solution, FFT, and wavelets, and 6.338J for parallel computing.
提供這樣一些學(xué)位：
Programs for graduate students in electronics, computers, and systems lead to the degrees of Master of Science, Master of Engineering, Electrical Engineer, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Science.
注：我們可以看到，不同的大方向下細(xì)分的專業(yè)有相關(guān)聯(lián)的部分，比如MIT 有一個(gè)大的方向是Systems, communication, control and signal processing，但是在這個(gè)方向下也有Signal Processing, Communications, and Control 的細(xì)分，就像MIT的部門主頁(yè)說的，各個(gè)方向的知識(shí)是互通的，不是獨(dú)立的。
4.工程物理
Engineering physics
Solving engineering problems in energy and power, electromagnetic systems, photonics and optics, superconductivity, solid state devices, electronic materials, microsystems and nanotechnology.
https://www.eecs.mit.edu/grad-areas/area4/ug_grad.html
以下是該方向的介紹，我們可以看到，這個(gè)方向包含了工程和物理兩個(gè)方面的眾多題目。包括化學(xué)、材料科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、物理、生物、電子電氣工程、生物工程、機(jī)械工程。這個(gè)方向是用物理來作為手段解決工程問題。
Guide to Graduate Study in Area IV: Engineering Physics
Welcome to Area IV!
What is Area IV “Engineering Physics” about? Is Area IV about engineering or is it about physics? The simple answer is that Area IV has both, and a multitude of both in numerous multidisciplinary fields, including chemistry, materials science, mathematics, physics, electrical engineering, biology and bioelectrical engineering, and in mechanical engineering too! Area IV Engineering Physics uses the foundation and underlying principles of physics to enable the engineering of complex integrated systems. For a few examples, the systems under investigation span electronics, optoelectronics, photonics, lasers, plasma fusion, quantum communication and computation, microelectromechanical and microfluidic structures.
To help you navigate Area IV in EECS, the faculty and staff have identified nine topics that are broadly covered in the many research activities underway. The highlighted topics are electromagnetics, photonics, power,energy, materials, devices, microsystems, nanotechnology, and physics of information. For each topic, we have compiled a sampling of the research that is carried out, along with a listing of undergraduate and graduate subjects that may cover some aspect of the particular topic. In addition, many different seminars are offered each week with a particular theme that aligns well with a topic or topics. And finally, a number of central laboratories, as well as individually-supervised laboratories, are also available to conduct the multitude of Area IV research activities.
注：The highlighted topics are electromagnetics, photonics, power,energy, materials, devices, microsystems, nanotechnology, and physics of information. 為了更加清晰地了解這個(gè)方向，突出這樣一些科目，電磁學(xué)、光學(xué)、電力、能量、材料、設(shè)備、微系統(tǒng)、納米技術(shù)、物理信息。
我們以光學(xué)為例子介紹一下他的所學(xué)科目
First Year and Introductory Graduate Subjects:
6.337JFallIntroducation to Numerical Methods (same as 18.335J)
6.630Fall, SpringElectromagnetics and Applications (meets with 6.013)
6.621SpringFundamentals of Photonics (meets with 6.602)
6.631FallOptics and Photonics
6.637FallOptical Signals, Devices and Systems (meets with 6.161)
6.728FallApplied Quantum and Statistical Physics
6.673SpringIntroduction to Numerical Simulation in Electrical Engineering
More Advanced Graduate Subjects:
6.442SpringOptical Networks
6.443JSpringQuantum Information Science
6.453Fall, alt even yrsQuantum Optical Communication
6.634JSpringNonlinear Optics
6.638Fall, alt even yrsUltrafast Optics
6.731Fall, alt even yrsSemiconductor Optoelectronics: Theory and Design
6.789Fall, alt odd yrsOrganic Optoelectronics
為了便于了解這個(gè)方向需要什么樣的本科生我們也把本科的課程介紹一下
Undergraduate Subjects:
6.007Fall, SpringApplied Electromagnetics: from Motors to Lasers
6.013Fall, SpringElectromagnetics and Applications (meet with 6.630)
6.161FallModern Optics Project Laboratory (meets with 6.637)
6.602SpringFundamentals of Photonics (meets with 6.621)
前面我們已經(jīng)說過了，MIT 鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生修習(xí)本科階段的課程，這不丟人。
注：總而言之本方向更加偏向于物理，也就是說本科是物理相關(guān)背景的申請(qǐng)人可以偏向于這個(gè)專業(yè)大方向。
5.生物電氣工程
Bioelectrical engineering
Engineering solutions for living systems, including biomedical electronics, speech synthesis and recognition, and the electromechanical properties of biological cells
雖然該方向名為Bioelectrical engineering但是更加傾向于biomedical，它的相關(guān)方向也都是與醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)的方向。這種交叉學(xué)科對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)的申請(qǐng)者是比較困難的。除非背景條件非常出色否則很難有好的結(jié)果。再加上敏感學(xué)科的簽證難度，我們國(guó)內(nèi)申請(qǐng)者大多沒有機(jī)會(huì)申請(qǐng)成功。
Although the interests of faculty in BioMedical Sciences and Engineering are diverse, the areas in which they work can be categorized into 5 core sub-areas:
Cellular and Molecular Engineering細(xì)胞和分子工程
Primary focus is engineering as it applies to biomolecules or tissues. Some examples include synthetic biology, tissue engineering, regenerative biology, systems biology and macromolecular simulations.
Medical Imaging醫(yī)學(xué)成像
Primary focus is the development of technologies that improve our ability to visualize living systems at high resolution. Some examples include bio-optics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and functional Imaging of tissues.
Medical Devices and Microsystems醫(yī)療設(shè)備和微系統(tǒng)
Primary focus is the development of devices that facilitate biomedical monitoring and/or high throughput screening. Some examples include microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), Bioinstrumentation, medical devises for non-invasive physiologic monitoring and sensory aids for the deaf and blind.
Clinical Inference and Learning in Medicine臨床醫(yī)學(xué)推理
Primary focus is the use of sophisticated algorithms to facilitate clinical decision making. Some examples include building predictive models to identify high risk patient subgroups and natural language processing to extract meaningful data from clinical narratives.
Physiological Modeling生理建模
Primary focus is the development of sophisticated models to understand and/or model important features of complex biological organisms. Some examples include auditory physiology, human speech recognition, and the construction of models to assess overall cardiovascular health.
以上講的就是麻省理工大學(xué)EE專業(yè)專業(yè)分支介紹，希望能給各位赴美留學(xué)的學(xué)子們指點(diǎn)迷津。托普仕留學(xué)可以為你排憂解難，同時(shí)，更多關(guān)于赴美留學(xué)的相關(guān)資訊在等著你，絕對(duì)讓你“瀏覽”忘返。在此，衷心祝愿各位學(xué)子們能夠順利奔赴自己心目中理想的學(xué)校并且學(xué)業(yè)有成!
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