

OPT即Optional Practical Training(畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí))。是美國(guó)F1學(xué)生簽證畢業(yè)后的實(shí)習(xí)期。所有持F-1學(xué)習(xí)簽證的學(xué)生,無論本科生,碩士生還是博士生,畢業(yè)后都可以在美國(guó)合法地實(shí)習(xí)工作12個(gè)月,是為Optional Practical Training時(shí)間,簡(jiǎn)稱OPT,這段時(shí)間你有工作許可,可以為任何公司服務(wù),但必需與專業(yè)相關(guān)。 但很多學(xué)生在咨詢時(shí)會(huì)問道,美國(guó)留學(xué)專業(yè)與OPT到底有多大關(guān)系?是不是一定要選讀STEM專業(yè)?下面我將為大家逐條詳細(xì)分析。
OPT類型:
OPT通常分為三大類:
1.OPT: For students engaged in post-secondary schools or at conservatories. Twelve months of Regular OPT is available for each higher level of study. (For example a student may have 12 months for a bachelor’s degree and another 12 months for a master’s degree). OPT針對(duì)于受教于高等教育學(xué)?;蛞魳吩盒5膶W(xué)生。每個(gè)更高層次的學(xué)習(xí)都有12個(gè)月的常規(guī)OPT。例如,一個(gè)學(xué)生針對(duì)于學(xué)士學(xué)位會(huì)有12個(gè)月的OPT和針對(duì)于碩士學(xué)位還會(huì)再有12個(gè)月的OPT)
2.Pre-Completion OPT: Any portion of OPT used before the student’s Program End Date. It may be part-time or full-time. 預(yù)完成OPT: 在學(xué)生的課程結(jié)束日期之前使用的OPT的任何部分??梢允羌媛氁部梢允侨殹?/p>
3.Post-Completion OPT: Any portion of OPT used after the student’s Program End Date. It must be full-time. 完成后OPT: 學(xué)生課程結(jié)束后使用的OPT的任何部分。必須是全職的。
4.24-month (STEM) OPT Extension: For students who majored in designated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) degrees approved by DHS. This type of OPT is a 24-month extension of OPT. 24個(gè)月(STEM) OPT延期:適用于由國(guó)土安全部批準(zhǔn)的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(STEM)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。這種類型的OPT是OPT后的24個(gè)月延伸。
5.Cap-Gap OPT Extension: For students whose prospective employers filed a qualifying H-1B-cap subject petition. Cap-Gap OPT延期:適用于未來雇主提交了符合H - 1B申請(qǐng)的學(xué)生。
Eligible F-1 students with STEM degrees who finish their program of study and participate in an initial period of regular post-completion OPT (often for 12 months) have the option to apply for a STEM OPT extension. Students may not apply for STEM OPT extensions during the 60-day grace period following an initial period of regular post-completion OPT.
同時(shí)需要注意,具備STEM學(xué)位的F-1學(xué)生,如果完成了他們的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,并在完成學(xué)業(yè)后的最初階段(通常為12個(gè)月)參加了OPT,就可以選擇申請(qǐng)STEM OPT延期。學(xué)生在完成學(xué)業(yè)后的60天寬限期內(nèi),不得申請(qǐng)延長(zhǎng)STEM OPT課程。
STEM:STEM is an acronym for the fields of science, technology, engineering and math. Discussion of STEM-related programs has become a presidential priority because too few college students are pursuing degrees in these fields. The U.S. Department of Labor expects that there will be 1.2 million job openings in STEM related fields by 2020, but there won’t be enough qualified graduates to fill them.STEM是科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的縮寫。討論與stem相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)成為總統(tǒng)的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng),因?yàn)樵谶@些領(lǐng)域攻讀學(xué)位的大學(xué)生太少了。美國(guó)勞工部預(yù)計(jì),到2020年,STEM相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒂?20萬個(gè)職位空缺,但沒有足夠的合格畢業(yè)生來填補(bǔ)這些空缺。
OPT 延長(zhǎng)要求:
To qualify for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, an F-1 student participating in an initial period of regular post-completion OPT must: 為了符合24個(gè)月的STEM OPT延期資格,F(xiàn)-1學(xué)生在完成學(xué)業(yè)后的第一階段必須:
●Have a degree in an eligible STEM field from a Student and Exchange Visitor Program-certified school that is accredited when the student submits their STEM OPT extension application to USCIS.在符合條件的STEM領(lǐng)域擁有學(xué)生和交換訪問者項(xiàng)目認(rèn)證學(xué)校的學(xué)位,該學(xué)校在學(xué)生向美國(guó)移民局提交STEM OPT延期申請(qǐng)時(shí)獲得認(rèn)證。
●Pursue their STEM OPT extension through an employer that is enrolled in USCIS's E-Verify employment eligibility verification program.通過在USCIS的E-Verify就業(yè)資格驗(yàn)證項(xiàng)目中注冊(cè)的雇主來延長(zhǎng)他們的STEM OPT。
●Select a STEM OPT employer that provides the student with formal training and learning objectives.選擇一個(gè)STEM OPT雇主,為學(xué)生提供正式的培訓(xùn)和學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。
●Work a minimum of 20 hours per week per employer.每個(gè)雇主每周至少工作20小時(shí)。
DHS's STEM Designated Degree Program List includes all STEM fields qualifying an F-1 student for a STEM OPT extension. DHS determined a “STEM field” is a field included in the U.S. Department of Education's Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) taxonomy within the two-digit series containing engineering (CIP code 14), biological sciences (CIP code 26), mathematics (CIP code 27) and physical sciences (CIP code 40), or a related field.
美國(guó)國(guó)土安全部的STEM指定學(xué)位項(xiàng)目列表包括所有符合F-1學(xué)生STEM選擇擴(kuò)展資格的STEM領(lǐng)域。美國(guó)國(guó)土安全部確定“STEM領(lǐng)域”是美國(guó)教育部教學(xué)計(jì)劃分類(CIP code 14)分類法中包含工程(CIP code 14)、生物科學(xué)(CIP code 26)、數(shù)學(xué)(CIP code 27)和物理科學(xué)(CIP code 40)或相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的兩位數(shù)系列中的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
These newly added STEM designated-degree programs, including pharmaceutical sciences, econometrics and quantitative economics, qualify eligible graduates on student visas for an optional practical training (OPT) extension. 這些新增的STEM指定學(xué)位項(xiàng)目,包括藥學(xué)、計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和定量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),使持有學(xué)生簽證的合格畢業(yè)生有資格獲得可選的實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)(OPT)延期。
所以,從上述官方信息來看,只要是在美完成高等教育以上的學(xué)生,不分專業(yè)都會(huì)獲得至少12個(gè)月的OPT,且根據(jù)完成的學(xué)歷不同,每完成一個(gè)層級(jí)的高等教育,就可以獲得至少12個(gè)月的OPT。而STEM專業(yè)學(xué)生,在取得合格學(xué)位且滿足雇主及實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間要求的前提下,可以再延長(zhǎng)24個(gè)月。STEM計(jì)劃的實(shí)施為該專業(yè)的學(xué)生尋找工作或?qū)嵙?xí)帶來很大的幫助,在OPT實(shí)習(xí)期間,國(guó)際學(xué)生可有充裕的時(shí)間申請(qǐng)工作簽證,轉(zhuǎn)換移民身份。
以上講的就是美國(guó)留學(xué)專業(yè)與OPT有什么關(guān)系介紹,希望能給各位赴美留學(xué)的學(xué)子們指點(diǎn)迷津。托普仕留學(xué)可以為你排憂解難,同時(shí),更多關(guān)于赴美留學(xué)的相關(guān)資訊在等著你,絕對(duì)讓你“瀏覽”忘返。在此,衷心祝愿各位學(xué)子們能夠順利奔赴自己心目中理想的學(xué)校并且學(xué)業(yè)有成!